Types of solar collectors: |
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Flat-plate collector
Flat-plate collectors are the most common solar collectors, which consist of a box (collector casing) and inside of it flow tubes filled with antifreeze. Selective absorber plate is welded on these tubes with a special technology. This copper plate absorbs solar radiation and converts the sun energy into heat energy. Gained heat energy is forwarded from the collector with the help of circulating liquid and can be used for domestic hot water or back-up heating and swimming-pool heating purposes. For achievement of good efficiency beyond insulation and selective absorber plates, type and surface features of the glass are also crucial factors. (Special solar glass application). Efficiency can be increased by the application of vacuum technology.
Heat-pipe collector
A heat-pipe collector has got a 20-30% higher efficiency than a flat-plate collector. During the winter season these advantages of better efficiency can be recognized because triple energy production can be achieved. During winter period due to diffuse solar radiation this system can produce hot water and can be used for heating even if there is -20 degrees Celsius. The substance of the so-called „heat-pipe” system is the following. A blazed copper heat pipe is placed inside a double-glass-wall vacuum tube equipped with selective absorber covering its inside surface. The heat pipe is filled inside a low boiling-point liquid and is put under pressure (vacuum). A so-called condenser is placed at the end of the copper heat pipe. The capacitor is surrounded by special developed pipage, in which antifreeze liquid is circulating. Re-cooled vapour condenses and flows back down the tube for the process to be repeated. The other advantage of the system is its maximum capacity not only in the case of perpendicular solar radiation but also in the case of different angle e.g. morning, afternoon radiation.
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Flat-plate collector technical parameters